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Vedic Sanskrit grammar is the oldest attested full case and tense system grammar of a language from the Indo-European language family. ==Grammar== Comparing with Classical Sanskrit, Vedic Sanskrit had a subjunctive mood absent in Pāṇini's grammar and generally believed to have disappeared by then at least in common sentence constructions. All tenses could be conjugated in the subjunctive and optative moods, in contrast to Classical Sanskrit, with no subjunctive and only a present optative. However, the old first-person subjunctive forms were used to complete the Classical Sanskrit imperative. The three synthetic past tenses (imperfect, perfect and aorist) were still clearly distinguished semantically in (at least the earliest) Vedic. A fifth mood, the injunctive, also existed. Long-''i'' stems differentiate the Devi and Vrkis feminines, a difference lost in Classical Sanskrit. *The subjunctive mood of Vedic Sanskrit was also lost in Classical Sanskrit. Also, there was no fixed rule about the use of various tenses . *There were more than 12 ways of forming infinitives in Vedic Sanskrit, of which Classical Sanskrit retained only one form. *Nominal declinations and verbal conjugation also changed pronunciation, although the spelling was mostly retained in Classical Sanskrit. E.g., along with the Classical Sanskrit's declension of ''deva-'' as , Vedic Sanskrit additionally allowed the forms . Similarly Vedic Sanskrit has declined forms such as ''asmai'', ''tvai'', , ''tvā'', etc. for the first and second person pronouns, not found in Classical Sanskrit. The obvious reason is the attempt of Classical Sanskrit to regularize and standardize its grammar, which simultaneously led to a purge of older Proto-Indo-European forms. *To emphasize that Proto-Indo-European and its immediate daughters were essentially end-inflected languages, both Proto-Indo-European and Vedic Sanskrit had independent prefix-morphemes. Such prefixes (especially for verbs) could come anywhere in the sentence, but in Classical Sanskrit, it became mandatory to attach them immediately before the verb. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vedic Sanskrit grammar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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